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Articles, Opinions & Views: The Problem in Southern Thailand Part 1

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The Problem in Southern Thailand Part 1
Tuesday, May 10, 2005
By Major Ivan Lee Synn Leng
Winner Of the Commandants's Paper Award 1999 -Staff College
Part 1

ABSTRACT

The persistence and resurgence of ethnic nationalism by the Malays over hundred of years in the face of repeated attempts to integrate the larger political entities of Thailand is the cause of many a headache to the authorities. The Thai government over the years has attempted to seek a solution to the problem however the persistence of the issue deemed these actions as bearing not the required results.

The Malay-Muslims has been fighting for an autonomous state in Southern Thailand after the Thai took control of the of the four provinces beginning of the seventeenth century. Later, measures to integrate Patani Muslims into the framework of Thailand were met with serious resentment among them. The subjugation of this ethnic group gave rise to a separatist movement.

This paper will study the ethnic separatist movement and how the government intend to resolve the conflict in Southern Thailand. It addresses several question on how the Thai government conduct its strategy to slowly integrate this ethnic group into the Thai community. Tremendous effort to develop Southern Thailand either socio-economic programmes and military assistance have shown considerable declination in the separatist movement.

Study in the historical and cultural background shows that Islam is the unifying factor in the struggle for a better future which the Malay-Muslims envisioned. It is also an effort to analyse whether internal and external influence can be the factor for success.

There were suspicion that Malaysia supported the separatist movement, and it was not true at all. Malaysia-Thailand relationship were strained at one time but with the ASEAN cooperation it had solve and maintain better relations through its confidence building measures. This paper will highlight the role of ASEAN in proposing by brokering a peace agreement between the Thai government and the Malay-Muslims of Patani. The prospect for a peace solution is bright in the future however the Malay-Muslims may not have the opportunity to gain its autonomy state.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This research paper would not have been possible without the guidance and advise offered by numerous people to whom I deeply indebted.

Firstly, I would like to give my special thanks to my supervisor, A/Prof Fauza Abd Ghaffar from the University of Malaya for her guidance and supervision of my paper. Secondly, I would also like to thank my dear friend, Mej Kamarulzaman for his advise and attention throughout the research.

I have gathered my data for my research in University of Malaya Library, National Library, ISIS Library, Ministry of Defence Library and most importantly, Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College Library. My sincere gratitude to previous writers on separatism which have greatly benefited my research.

Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Jeslyn and our son Kelvin for the patience and encouragement throughout the research.

MEJAR IVAN LEE SYNN LENG
Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College
Haigate
Kuala Lumpur

15 May 1999

ABBREVIATION


AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area

APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

ARF ASEAN Regional Forum

ASEM Asia Europe Meeting

ASA Association of Southeast Asia

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

BRN Barisan Revolusi Nasional

BBMP Barisan Bersatu Mujahidin Patani (United Fronts of Patani Fighters)

BIPP Barisan Islam Pembebasan Patani (Islamic Liberation Front of Patani)

BNPP Barisan Nasional Pembebasan Patani (Patani National Liberation)

BRN Barisan Revolusi Nasional

CPM Communist Party of Malaya

CPT Communist Party of Thailand

GAMPAR Gabungan Melayu Patani Raya (The Association of Malays
of Greater Patani)

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GNP Gross National Product

IMF International Monetary Fund

IRA Irish Republican Army

ISOC Internal Security Operation Command

KLA Kosovo Liberation Army

LTTE Liberation of Tiger Tamil Eelam

MNLF Moro National Liberation Front

NIC Newly Industrialising Country

PIC Provincial Islamic Committee

PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation

PPM Patani People’s Movement

PULO Patani United Liberation Front

UN United Nation

ZOPFAN Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality


TABLE

1.1 Area and Population of the Muslims Provinces of 17
Southern Thailand.

MAP

1. Thailand vi

CONTENTS

Abstract i - ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abbreviations iv - v
Map vi
Contents vii - viii


CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Statement of problem 1 - 3

1.2 Aim 3

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Methodology 3
1.5 Importance of Research 4

1.6 Limitation 4 - 5

1.7 Outline/Content 5


CHAPTER 2 - CONCEPT AND EFFECTS OF SEPARATIST
MOVEMENT

2.1 Definitions 6 - 7

2.2 Concept of autonomy, independence and 7 - 9
the doctrine of self-determination.

2.3 Pattern of separatist movements. 9

2.4 Effects of internal and international relations 10 - 12 on separatist movements.


CHAPTER 3 - SEPARATIST MOVEMENT IN SOUTHERN
THAILAND

3.1 Historical background. 13 - 16

3.2 Demographic Characteristic. 16 - 19
.
3.3 Ideology of the movement struggle 19 - 23
and objective.


CHAPTER 4 - THE GOVERNMENT STRATEGY AND ACTION

4.1 Political Measures. 24 - 27

4.2 Socio-Economic. 28 - 35

4.3 Military in development programme and 35 -41
internal security.

4.4 Diplomatic. 41 - 46

4.5 Religion. 46 - 51


CHAPTER 5 - PROSPECT OF A SOLUTION AND THE ROLE OF
ASEAN AS PEACE BROKER

5.1 Formation of ASEAN 52 - 53

5.2 Principle, challenges and ideology of ASEAN. 53 -65

5.3 Breaching the non-intervention spirit while 65 - 67
maintaining Thai national integrity
.
5.4 The Indonesian brokered peace talks between 67 - 68
the Philippine government and MNLF.
5.5 Prospect of a lasting solution and the role of 69
ASEAN in brokering for peace.

5.6 Benefits in the enhancement of ASEAN 69 - 70
solidarity and cooperation in the context of
international relations.

CHAPTER 6 - RECOMMENDATION 71

CHAPTER 7 - CONCLUSION 72 - 74

BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 - 77

Part 2.....
posted by Major D Swami (Retired) @ 6:01 PM  
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